The Incarceration Of The Prison System - 943 Words

Over the past few years, there has been a large cutback in the rehabilitation programs in prisons. Many say it is useless and that the inmates deserve to be in there. The message has been pretty clear that they do not care if an inmate changes or not (Evans D. Hopkins). However, inmates lives do matter, and without someone teaching them the steps to change and giving them a proper education, there will definitely be no hope for them in the end. Due to the federal criminality inside the prison systems, it is vital that there are strong rehabilitation programs to give inmates a fair chance to return to society as changed men and women. Living in the prison system is no walk in the park. It is especially worse without there being rehabilitation programs put in place. There are many types of felons in prisons, and a lot of these felons are still continuing to partake in many types of misconduct while behind bars. Most of them are lying, stealing, cheating, conning, raping, and fighting. Many prisoners are also Smuggling in all kinds of contraband. Contraband are items that are illegally brought in the prisons such as drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, cell phones, and ect.. Some inmates are doing drastic criminal actions, like for example, there has been an incident where inmates held prison officials hostage in attempt to escape (explained by Hopkins in â€Å"Lockdown†, paragraph 3). Crimes like this happen in prisons because they think there are no other options. However, there are otherShow MoreRelatedThe And Incarceration Of The American Prison System3791 Words   |  16 Pages The American prison finds its origin in Europe. Like most things American we have adopted and adapted many of our beliefs and customs from our mother land. The punishment of confinement was rare and unheard of in America before Eighteenth century. The English concept of prison and incarceration did not even take root until the late Eighteenth Century (Hirsch, 1992). Now, American’s cannot claim that they invented prisons or the concept of confining criminal offenders within facilities that keepRead MorePrison Incarceration And The Criminal Justice System2562 Words   |  11 PagesExecutive Summary Jail and prison populations are swelling as a result of increased crime and sentencing in the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system has piles of cases that need to be sorted and suspects who need to proceed with their trials. It is clear that the system needs an adjustment. One significant method to reduce the population in jails and prisons is to changing the rehabilitation strategies. Rehabilitation is important in the criminal justice system, but even more significantRead MoreThe Private Prison System War On Drugs And Mass Incarceration883 Words   |  4 PagesThe Private Prison System War on drugs and Mass Incarceration A private prison or for-profit prison is a place in which individuals are physically confined or incarcerated by a third party that is contracted by a government agency. Private prison companies typically enter into contractual agreements with governments that commit prisoners and then pay a per diem or monthly rate, either for each prisoner in the facility or for each place available, whether occupied or not. Such contracts may be forRead MoreThe Division Of Our Society : Exploring Mass Imprisonment1737 Words   |  7 Pages Mass Incarceration The Division of Our Society: Exploring Mass Imprisonment Pamela D. Jackson WRIT 130: Research Paper Professor Jane Campanizzi-Mook September 11th 2015 ABSTRACT Prison is unfortunately big business in the United States and our society is paying the ultimate cost and there is only one system being rewarded. More than often we do not put much emphasis on the prison system in its entirety. It is a fairly simple concept to most Americans that if you commit a crime or ifRead MoreMass Incarceration During The United States1322 Words   |  6 PagesHonors 30 March 2017 Mass Incarceration in the United States There are too many people in prison in our country and any people in prison today are non-violent drug offenders. The American war on drugs has targeted people in poverty and minorities, who are more likely to be involved in drug use. This has created a pattern of crime and incarceration and â€Å"...[a] connection between increased prison rates and lower crime is tenuous and small.† (Wyler). The prison system in our country today focusesRead MoreMass Incarceration And Its Effects On Society1492 Words   |  6 Pagesabout mass incarceration has it that mass incarceration is putting a stop to crimes. Today it has become common to dismiss the truth about mass incarceration. The Editorial Board of New York Times Magazine acknowledge that America`s imprisonment population has progressed to about 2.2 million (the Editorial Board). The Editorial Board is basically saying America is locking up more people than any country nationwide. What`s the solution? This has been going on si nce the 1970`s . The prison system containsRead MoreMass Incarceration : A New Form Of Slavery Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesMass Incarceration: A New Form of Slavery in the United States Lorena P. Ambriz History 12A Abstract Starting in the 1970s, the rising rate of imprisonment came to be known as Mass Incarceration. What was once an average of 100 people getting imprisoned for every 100,000 adults, prior to the 1970s, has now grown to become more than 600 individuals per every 100,000 adults imprisoned. With only five present of the total world population, The United States holds an astonishing 25 percent of theRead MoreIncarceration Within The Federal Bureau Of Prisons1195 Words   |  5 PagesOver the past forty years the increased of mass incarceration within the Federal Bureau of Prisons has increased more than 700 percent since the 1970’s, between the different type of ethnicity. Billions of dollars have spent to house offenders and to maintain their everyday life from rehabilitation programs, academic education, vocational training, substance abuse programs and medical care. The cost of incarceration climbs according to the level of security based on violent and non-violent crimesRead Mo reThe Major Punishment For Criminal Acts1526 Words   |  7 Pagesan estimated 2338,000 individuals are in state prisons, more than 90,000 are in the federal prison, and more than 5,000 are in juvenile facilities. In the same way, more than 20,000 are in territorial prisons and military prisons, as well as local jails. By October 2013, America had the highest rate of incarceration across the globe at 718 per 100,000 people. It is equally important to note that as of December 2014, the International Centre for Prison Studies reported that there were 2, 783,689 prisonersRead MorePrivatization Within The Criminal Justice System Essay1510 Words   |  7 Pages The United States has an incarceration problem that personifies issues throughout the entire criminal justice system. The United States, with just 5 percent of the world s population, currently holds 25 percent of the world s prisoners (Khalek). This issue runs deeper than just incarceration; it permeates every level of the criminal justice system, from incarceration to probation. Many states have turned to private institutions in an attempt shed operating costs, while also increasing effectiveness

how to overcome barriers to effective communication Essay...

Communication in business is the passing on of ideas and information and building relationships in this way, however in the process of doing so sometimes some issues and conditions may arise that might hinder the ideas and information being passed on from being understood clearly these are what we refer to as communication barriers. Therefore, its very important to identify the barriers of business communication to get your message across clearly. Organizational communication involves formal and informal communications throughout an organization. This branch of communications considers an organizations communications to employees, with employees and from employees to upper management. When a business or organization does not establish†¦show more content†¦Without any training it is easy to fail to recognize the effect that difference in culture which entails language, environment, social history, conceptions of authority and nonverbal communication has on communication. According to an Inc. article, ethnocentrism leads to the belief that your way of conducting business is logical, when in reality that logic stems from your own cultural upbringing. Distractions. Business interactions must take place in an environment where both parties are able to pay attention to one another free of distractions. Having a television or radio on, the constant noise of sirens or bells, poor technological connections, poor internet connections, the temperature of the room and even the appearance of the speaker can be distracting to an audience. While not all distractions can be avoided, its important to eliminate as many as possible so that your message comes through effectively. Perceptual barriers. Many times ,employees grow accustomed to perceiving things in particular ways, making it difficult to recognize new meanings. For example, a manager who prefers hiring Havard graduates may overlook the exceptional contributions that could be made by a USIU graduate. Differing life experiences, interests and values may prevent two employees from perceiving an event the same way and due to invalid perceptions, an employee may recommend incorrect solutions. Gender barriers. Although these have become lessShow MoreRelatedOvercoming Barriers Essay1218 Words   |  5 PagesTask 4: Overcoming barriers to communication The four key barriers to communication are process barriers, personal barriers, physical barriers, and semantic barriers. As an effective manager, I will have to overcome these barriers. The first barrier that I would have to overcome is the process barrier. 1). Process barriers: The process of communication involves a sender of information and a receiver of information. Communication can be defined as the process of transmitting informationRead MoreCommunication Is A Part Of Everyday Life Essay1383 Words   |  6 Pages Communication and Leadership Melissa Stevens ORG 300-5 Applying Leadership Principles Dr. Barbara-Leigh Tonelli September 29, 2016 Communication is a part of everyday life. Not only is it present in our personal lives, but in the workplace as well. Communication is an essential skill that we cannot avoid, and should be perfected as a goal in improving your leadership efficiency. When in a leadership role, the leader must influence others effectively. Being anRead MoreBarriers to Effective Communication1727 Words   |  7 PagesBarriers to Effective Communication Kevin Borem CJA/304 November 2, 2011 Fred Staedel Barriers to Effective Communication Communication is a way of life for sociable organisms on earth. There are many forms of communication and several are used without saying a word or making a sound. With the types of communication in the world, communicating effectively may seem an unlikely idea. Effective communication between two individuals or more is dependable on the way the message from the senderRead MoreEvaluating the Strategies Used in Health and Social Care Environments to Overcome Barriers to Effective Communication and Interpersonal Interactions.1117 Words   |  5 PagesEvaluating the strategies used in health and social care environments to overcome barriers to effective communication and interpersonal interactions. Sensory Impairment: Sensory impairment could be a barrier to effective communication they can prevent service users and health care professionals from communicating correctly, this is because they interfere with a service user’s ability to send, receive and understand a message. According to Collins Education sensory impairment is the key issue whyRead MoreThe Barriers Of Business Communication1268 Words   |  6 PagesBefore I will discuss how to overcome the barriers in business communication I will introduce the different barriers in global business communication; 1) Physical barriers these are inadequate equipment such as out dated computer, phones with poor signal, background noise, poor lightning, temperature that is too high or too cold, tangible item that can interfere with communication. 2) Attitudes sometimes strong emotion like anger, sadness or happiness can take your objectivity. Also being nervousRead MoreStrategies Used to Overcome Barriers to Communication1739 Words   |  7 Pa gesTask 2- P4, M2 D1 Strategies Used to Overcome Barriers to Communication P4 Pick two examples from placement experience that may have been mentioned in the first task. Examples should deal with situations where you or another worker were faced with barriers to effective communication. Explain the strategy used to overcome the barriers met. A strategy is a plan of how things are intended to be done. You may not have done what was intended to the full. Explain your intentions as well as what actuallyRead MoreEffective Communication in the Workplace Essay1220 Words   |  5 PagesCommunication Barriers in the Workplace Communication barriers in the workplace can have a serious effect on the functioning and of an organization. In the following article we shall understand what some of these communication barriers are and how to overcome them. Ads by Google Improve Communication Our NLP Training Program Helps You Overcome Your Fears. Enroll Today! www.EasyNLP.com/ Conflict Management How much is conflict costing you? Assessment, Training, Coaching www.StrategicLeadershipCoachingRead MoreBarrier to Effective Communication1289 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper I will be discussing the process of communication and its components discuss the difference between listening and hearing in communication, talk about the formal and informal channels of communication, talk about the different barriers to effective communication, and lastly discuss the strategies that may be implemented to overcome communication barriers. Communication is very crucial in the criminal justice system; it is the key element for success. From a rookie all the way up toRead MoreCja 304 Effective Communication Paper1589 Words   |  7 PagesEffective Communication Carolina Fernandez CJA / 304 Interpersonal Communication May 8, 2013 Michael O’Connell, JD Effective Communication Effective communication is essential in any workplace, especially within a criminal justice organization. In this paper, the author will discuss the process of verbal and nonverbal communication and the associated components of each, the differences between listening and hearing in communication, the formal and informal channels of communication in criminalRead MoreM2, Review Strategies Used in Health and Social Care Environments to Overcome Barriers to Effective Communication and Interpersonal Interactions.1676 Words   |  7 PagesM2, review strategies used in health and social care environments to overcome barriers to effective communication and interpersonal interactions. D1, evaluate strategies used in health and social care to overcome barriers to effective communication and interpersonal interactions. Introduction There are many differing ideas on the best way to communicate in health and social care and there are many strategies used by the many differing professionals working in health and social care. This assignment

Leadership and Organizational Culture

Question: Discuss about the Leadership and Organizational Culture. Answer: Introduction: Leadership is the need of an hour in any organization, as it is one of the important elements that are needed for the efficient management of the organization. In this research study, the author illustrates about the leadership and the reactions of the employees towards any organizational change. The topic is new and carries potential of attracting the attention of practitioners, as leadership is a most researched topic in the current time. Although this topic falls within the research area that aims at determining the attributes and conditions that are related with successful organization, it is different as focus is on the aspects linked with the reactions of employees to change. Objective The research is aimed to understand the how leaders attributes can be explained through the intentions of the employees for resisting a large-scale organizational change. Nowadays, many of the studies that are aiming towards explaining the successful change in the organization, adopts the macro perspective which mainly focuses on the factors like, structure of the organization, environment and strategy etc. The research conducted thus concluded that the employees flexibility and acceptance is must for the success of any change that is to be implemented in any organization. Methodology and Means of Analyses The author of the research study has taken up a multi level analysis of the data, which he collected from 75 school principles and 586 teachers. According to Carpenter, Geletkanycz, Sanders (2005), the leaders personal attributes relation to the employee reactions can be explained by implementing two sets of process. According to Goksoy (2015), the choices and decisions of the leaders vary according to the personal attributes of the leaders and hence also have impact on the decisions they will be making in the organization. Such attributes of the leaders also affects the attitudes and beliefs of their followers. Giberson et al. (2009) believes that the decision which is influenced, by the attributes of the leaders, includes mainly two factors, firstly the actions and performance that must be recognized and rewarded and secondly the recruitment decisions of the organization that also include the release of the employees. Avolio, Zhu, Koh, Bhatia (2004) believe that later process values how the beliefs and attributes of the follower are influenced by the decision of the leaders. The leaders values are expected to be positively related to the intentions of employees to resist the change based on what the author knows about the relationship in between the leaders value and followers reactions. For better analysis, author framed hypothesis for these statements. Hypothesis 1a: Conservation values of the leaders positively associate themselves with the intentions of employees to resist change. Hypothesis 1b: The intention of the employees to resist change is negatively associated with the openness towards change. The author discusses about that various ratings and reactions on the studies of the leaders traits are their presence in the leadership literature. Oreg, Nevo, Metzer, Leder, Castro (2009) stated that the change due to dispositional resistance has been linked with the varied conclusions which comprises of professional preferences and interest, technology adoption and the intentions of resisting the specific organizational changes. The author portrays that the leaders dispositional resistance is correlated with the employees intentions of resisting change (Oreg Nov, 2008). Hypothesis 2: The intentions of employees resistance are positively associated with the dispositional resistance to the change of employees. Bommer, Rich, Rubin (2005) in his study identified that transformational leadership behavior gets negatively associated with cynicism of employees regarding the organizational change. For better introspection of the results, author critically thought of analyzing the results of the data, analysis of the above study and for this purpose, he framed another hypothesis. Hypothesis 3: The intention of the employees to resist will be negatively associated with the transformational leadership behavior. Through a strong vision researcher has articulated that transformational leadership reduces the ambiguity which is associated with the organizational change by offering undeniable visions of the future. (Kihlstrom, 2013). Hypothesis 4: The relationship of employees dispositional resistance to change and intention to resist will be moderated by Transformational leadership. The author has been successful in conducting the research analysis with the public school system of Israel, which was followed by decline in the student performance over the past years. For efficiency in methodology, 40-item portrait value questionnaire were utilized to measure personal values. Arguments Advanced in Article The focus of the study was kept on the leaders and the reactions of the employees to organizational change. The author portrayed that personal emphasis of leader on the stimulation and novelty are negatively related with the intention of the followers for resisting the organizational change. The research done by Lau Woodman (1995) shows the correlation among the openness values and dispositional resistance to change and also the outcomes overlaps in their effects. Liao and co- authors (H M, 2008)supports the research study and says that conceptualization in respect of the transformational leadership focuses on the high order constructs. The transformational leadership scale comprises of the inspirational scale, intellectual scale and individual scale. Gaziel (1994) portrayed in his study that Israeli school system has conservative climate and has hierarchical structure and because of that, differences in the leaders personal conservation has less significant impact on the followers, in comparison to the differences in the leaders stress on the creativity and innovative ideas. Although not hypothesized but it is anticipated to determine certain relationship in between the leaders transformational leadership behaviors and attributes. The author reveals that one can expect the change to be accepted easily by appreciating it and emphasizing the sincerity to change value and low level of dispositional resistance towards the change(Groves, 2005). Conclusion and Findings of Study After data analysis, researcher identified that the intention of teachers was negative towards the principals candidness to change value and the transformational leadership behavior and it is positively related to his dispositional resistance towards the change. Moreover, the author portrays that the principals transformational leadership behavior moderates the relationship in between dispositional resistance of teachers and intentions to resists to the change. Relationship between conservative values like compliance have been found for exhibiting weaker relationship with the behaviors in comparison to the relationship in between opened standards and behaviors. In this particular paragraph, the author has shown the theoretical contributions that the findings offer. First, the study unites the two highly deliberated, aspects of the organization. Organizational scholars associate leadership, in transformational leadership with motivating employees for responding positively to the chang e. By explicitly focusing in such a link, the author has successfully filled the conceptual gap in literature. Implications The findings of the study critically expand how the forming of attitude of employees towards the change is affected by the situational factors interaction with the personal factors. In line with the study of Ross(L RE, 1991), the author suggests that the personality of the employees have varied effects on the leadership environment in which they merely work. The study successfully allows examining the large number of organization where the given changes were introduced. This literature mainly focuses on the change within the single organization although the organizations initiated a number of changes and at different stages the data was collected during the entire implementation process. The research study implies that the characteristics which leader holds are able to create serious impact on the change reactions. The performance of the employees enhances as and when they are able to assess the self-awareness conclusions of their personality. Though the leaders of the organization can successfully use the traits of the transformational leadership in their working for overriding the resistance to change but still other means can be considered, for the same, by the officials of human resource department like facilitating a trend that endorse the change by selling issues in the various organizational activities like workshops. This research study shows that the transformational leaderships managerial advantage suggests specific benefits. In particular, the followers, dispositional difficulty that some of them have in times or during organizational change can be compensated by charismatic leader. Strengths This research study has successfully taken on integrative framework within which some of the factors of the organizational outcome are incorporated and examined, in comparison to other previous studies, which have restricted themselves to investigation of trait or motives only. In particular, the study shows that the interaction in between the leaders behavior and followers traits mentions the circumstances under which the followers are influenced by the transformational leadership. Weaknesses The main weakness in the study concern is about the external validity. Firstly, the sample of the study was selected through convenient sampling, thus constructing the assurance of the representative of the population of schools in Israeli. Additional research is needed to be conducted in other sectors and industries. The effects analyzed by the author in the country in which the data was collected, it appeared to be weaker in countries with great homogeneity in individuals perspective towards the change. This research fails in analyzing the cultural level changes and its reactions, so further research is needed for meaningful proposition about the validity of models of cross-cultural differences. References Avolio, B.J., Zhu, W., Koh, W. Bhatia, P., 2004. Transformational leadership andorganizational commitment: mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of structural distance. Journal Of Organiztaional Behavior, 25(8), pp.951-68. Bommer, W.H., Rich, G.A. Rubin, R.S., 2005. Changing attitudes about change: longitudinal effects of transformational leader behavior on employee cynicism about organizational change. Journal of Organiztaional Behaviour, 26(7), pp.733-53. Carpenter, M.A., Geletkanycz, M.A. Sanders, W.G., 2005. Upper Echelons Research Revisited:Antecedents, Elements, and Consequences of Top Management Team Composition. Journal of Management, 30(6), pp.749-78. Gaziel, H.H., 1994. Implementing reforms in a centralised education system: The Case of Israeli education. Oxford Review of Education, 20(2), pp.237-52. Giberson, T.R. et al., 2009. Leadership and Organizational Culture: Linking CEO Characteristics to Cultural Values. Journal of Business and Psychology, 24(2), pp.123-37. Goksoy, A., 2015. Organizational Change Management Strategies in Modern Business. IGI Global. Groves, K.S., 2005. Linking leader skills, follower attitudes, and contextual variables via anintegrated model of charismatic leadership. Journal of Management, 31(2), pp.255-77. H, L. M, S., 2008. Employee customer orientation in manufacturing organizations:s: Joint influences of customer proximity and the senior leadership team. Journal of Applied Psychology. Kihlstrom, J.F., 2013. The PersonSituation Interaction. The Oxford handbook of social cognition, pp.786-805. Lau, C.-M. Woodman, R.W., 1995. Understanding Organizational Change: A Schematic Perspective. The Academy of Management Journal, 38(2), pp.537-54. L, R. RE, N., 1991. The person and the situation: Perspectives of social psychology. New York: : McGraw-Hill. Oreg, S. et al., 2009. Dispositional Resistance to Change and Occupational Interests and Choices. Journal of Career Assessment, 17, pp.312-22. Available at: 10.1177/1069072708330599. Oreg, S. Nov, O., 2008. Exploring motivations for contributing to open source initiatives: The roles of contribution context and personal values. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(5), pp.2055-73.